Itegeko ryo Kurengera Amakuru Bwite mu Rwanda: Ibyo Ibigo by'Ubucuruzi Bigomba Gukora kugira ngo Byubahirize Itegeko Nº 058/2021

Uwiteka Itegeko ryo kurengera amakuru bwite mu Rwanda ntirikiri umushinga w'iyubahirizwa uzaza: igihe cy'inzibacyuho cy'imyaka ibiri cyahawe ibigo byari bisanzwe bikora cyarangiye, kandi urwego rugenzura ubu rwandika imiryango, rutanga uruhushya rwo kohereza amakuru mu mahanga kandi rwakira raporo z'ihungabana ry'umutekano w'amakuru. Iyi nyobora igaragaza ibyo itegeko risaba, abo rireba, ibyo kutaryubahiriza bishobora gutwara n'intambwe zigomba guterwa ubu. Ku bufasha bufatika, itsinda ryacu rishinzwe kurengera amakuru bwite n'umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga rigira inama imiryango yo mu nzego zose.

Itegeko ryo Kurengera Amakuru Bwite mu Rwanda ni Irihe?

Itegeko rigenga iki kibazo ni Itegeko Nº 058/2021 ryo ku wa 13/10/2021 ryerekeye kurengera amakuru bwite n'ibanga ryayo, ryatangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta yihariye yo ku wa 15 Ukwakira 2021. Ryatangiye gukurikizwa ku munsi ryatangarijweho. Ibigo by'ubucuruzi byari bisanzwe bikora byahawe igihe kitarenze imyaka ibiri uhereye igihe ryatangarijwe kugira ngo bihuze ibikorwa byabyo na ryo, bityo icyo gihe cy'inzibacyuho cyararangiye.

Itegeko rigena ko «urwego rugenzura» ari urwego rwa Leta rushinzwe umutekano mu by'ikoranabuhanga. Mu bikorwa, urwo rwego ni Ikigo cyigihugu gishinzwe umutekano wa cyber (NCSA), rugenzura iyubahirizwa ry'iryo tegeko binyuze mu Biro byarwo Bishinzwe Kurengera Amakuru Bwite n'Ibanga ryayo (DPO).

Iri Tegeko Rireba Ba Nde?

Itegeko rireba itunganywa ryose ry'amakuru bwite, ryaba rikoreshwa n'imashini cyangwa ritayikoresha, rikozwe n'ugenzura amakuru, utunganya amakuru cyangwa undi muntu wa gatatu:

• ukorera cyangwa utuye mu Rwanda kandi agatunganya amakuru bwite ari mu Rwanda; cyangwa
• udakorera kandi udatuye mu Rwanda ariko agatunganya amakuru bwite y'abo amakuru yerekeyeho bari mu Rwanda.

Bityo, sosiyete idafite ibiro mu Rwanda ishobora kurebwa n'itegeko iyo iha serivisi abakiriya bari mu Rwanda, kandi igomba gushyiraho mu nyandiko uyihagarariye mu Rwanda.

Amakuru Bwite n'Amakuru Bwite y'Ibanga Rikomeye

Amakuru bwite bivuga amakuru yose yerekeye umuntu usanzwe uzwi cyangwa ushobora kumenyekana, nk'izina, nomero iranga umuntu, amakuru y'aho aherereye cyangwa ikimuranga kuri interineti. Amakuru bwite y'ibanga rikomeye, arimo amakuru agaragaza uko umuntu ahagaze mu by'ubuzima, ibyaha yakatiwe, imyemerere ishingiye ku idini, ibitekerezo bya politiki cyangwa amakuru y'uturemangingo ndangasano (genetic data), afite ibisabwa bikaze kurushaho n'ibihano nshinjabyaha biremereye kurusha ibindi.

Inshingano z'Ibanze z'Abagenzura Amakuru n'Abayatunganya

Kwiyandikisha muri NCSA

Umuntu wese ushaka gukora nk'ugenzura amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru agomba kwiyandikisha mu rwego rugenzura. Ubusabe bugomba kugaragaza, mu bindi, amakuru bwite azatunganywa, ibyiciro by'abo amakuru yerekeyeho, intego z'itunganywa, abazayahabwa, igihugu icyo ari cyo cyose amakuru azoherezwamo, n'ibyago birimo hamwe n'ingamba zo kubikemura. Urwego rutanga icyemezo ku musabye wujuje ibisabwa mu minsi 30 y'akazi uhereye igihe rwakiriye ubusabe. Inyobora y'iyandikisha ya DPO n'amafishi y'ubusabe bitangazwa kuri interineti.

Kwiyandikisha si igikorwa gikorwa rimwe gusa: impinduka zigomba kumenyeshwa mu minsi 15 y'akazi, kandi kongera igihe cy'icyemezo bishobora gusabwa mu minsi 45 y'akazi mbere y'uko kirangira.

Ishingiro Ryemewe n'Amategeko, Gukorera mu Mucyo n'Inyandiko

Itunganywa ry'amakuru ryemewe gusa iyo rishingiye kuri imwe mu mpamvu zivugwa n'itegeko, zirimo kwemera, kubahiriza amasezerano, inshingano ishingiye ku mategeko, inyungu z'ingenzi ku buzima, igikorwa gifitiye rubanda akamaro, inyungu zemewe n'ubushakashatsi bwemewe. Iyo akusanya amakuru, ugenzura amakuru agomba kumenyesha abantu, mu bindi, impamvu ayakusanya, abazayahabwa, igihe azabikwa n'uburenganzira bafite.

Abagenzura amakuru n'abayatunganya bagomba kandi kubika inyandiko y'ibikorwa byose by'itunganywa, gushyiraho ingamba zikwiye za tekiniki n'iz'imitunganyirize zo kurinda umutekano, no gukora isuzuma ry'ingaruka ku kurengera amakuru bwite (DPIA) iyo itunganywa rishobora guteza ibyago byinshi. Mu bibitera harimo gutunganya ku rugero runini amakuru y'ibanga rikomeye, gusesengura imiterere y'abantu bikozwe n'imashini n'ikoranabuhanga rishya, ibi bikaba bireba mu buryo butaziguye ibigo by'ubucuruzi bikoresha isesengura ry'amakuru (analytics) cyangwa ibikorwa remezo bya AI n'ibigo by'amakuru.

Ushinzwe Kurengera Amakuru Bwite

Ushinzwe kurengera amakuru bwite agomba gushyirwaho mu bihe byinshi, harimo iyo itunganywa rikozwe n'ikigo cya Leta cyangwa cyigenga cyangwa urwego rufite ubuzimagatozi (uretse inkiko). Usomye uko biteye, ibi bireba amasosiyete menshi. Uwo mukozi ashobora kuba umukozi w'ikigo cyangwa utanga serivisi wo hanze, kandi aho yabonerwa hagomba gutangazwa no koherezwa ku rwego rugenzura. DPO itangaza inyobora yo kumushyiraho yo gufasha muri iyi ntambwe.

Uburenganzira bw'Abo Amakuru Yerekeyeho Ibigo by'Ubucuruzi Bigomba Kubahiriza

Itegeko riha abantu urutonde rw'uburenganzira bwasobanuwe, bushobora gukoreshwa mu nyandiko cyangwa mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga:

• Kugera ku makuru: amakuru ku ntego z'itunganywa, kopi y'amakuru yabo, aho yaturutse n'iba yaroherejwe mu mahanga.
• Kwanga itunganywa: harimo uburenganzira budasubirwaho bwo guhagarika itunganywa rigamije kwamamaza mu buryo butaziguye.
• Kwimurira amakuru ahandi: guhabwa amakuru yabo mu buryo buteguye kandi busomeka cyangwa kuyoherereza undi ugenzura amakuru.
• Kugabanya itunganywa, gukosora no gusiba amakuru, hakurikijwe irengayobora ryavuzwe.
• Kudafatirwa ibyemezo bishingiye gusa ku itunganywa rikoreshwa n'imashini, harimo gusesengura imiterere y'umuntu, uretse mu bihe bike bidasanzwe.
• Gushyiraho umuzungura w'amakuru yabo bwite no guhagararirwa, urugero ku bana bari munsi y'imyaka 16.

Ku burenganzira bwinshi, ugenzura amakuru agomba gusubiza mu Iminsi 30 uhereye igihe yakiriye ubusabe. Umuntu utanyuzwe ashobora kujurira mu rwego rugenzura mu minsi 30, kandi urwego rugasubiza mu minsi 60. Bityo amashami y'abakozi (HR), ay'imitangire ya serivisi ku bakiriya n'ay'iyamamaza bakeneye uburyo bwanditse bwo kubikemura. Abakoresha bakwiye kubihuza n' amasezerano y'akazi n'amabwiriza agenga abakozibyabo, kuko inyandiko zerekeye abakozi na zo ari amakuru bwite.

Kohereza Amakuru Hanze y'Igihugu, Kuyabika no Kumenyesha Ihungabana ry'Umutekano Wayo

Kohereza no Kubika Amakuru Hanze y'u Rwanda

Ihame ni uko amakuru bwite abikwa mu Rwanda. Kuyabika hanze y'u Rwanda byemewe gusa iyo ugenzura cyangwa utunganya amakuru afite icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha gifite agaciro kibyemera. Kohereza amakuru ku wundi muntu uri mu mahanga byemewe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zagenwe, zirimo uruhushya rw'urwego rugenzura nyuma yo kugaragaza ingamba zikwiye zo kurinda, kwemera k'uwo amakuru yerekeyeho, cyangwa iyo ari ngombwa ku masezerano cyangwa ku kirego gishingiye ku mategeko. Amasezerano yanditse agomba kugaragaza inshingano za buri ruhande, kandi urwego rugenzura rushobora guhagarika cyangwa kubuza kohereza amakuru.

Ibigo by'ubucuruzi bikoresha serivisi za cloud zo mu mahanga cyangwa sisitemu z'abakozi (HR) z'itsinda ry'amasosiyete bikwiye gusuzuma, ku rubuga rwa DPO, serivisi yo gutanga uruhushya rwo kohereza amakuru kandi bigashyira ibi bisabwa mu amasezerano y'ubucuruzibyabyo. Ku isura yagutse ya politiki, reba isesengura ryacu ku amakuru yambukiranya imipaka muri Afurika.

Ihungabana ry'Umutekano w'Amakuru Bwite

Ingengabihe yo kumenyesha ihungabana ni ngufi kandi akenshi ivugwa nabi:

• Uwiteka Ugenzura amakuru agomba kumenyesha urwego rugenzura ihungabana ry'umutekano w'amakuru bwite mu masaha 48 uhereye igihe abimenyeye.
• A Utunganya amakuru agomba kumenyesha ugenzura amakuru mu masaha 48 uhereye igihe abimenyeye.
• Nyuma yaho, ugenzura amakuru agomba gushyikiriza raporo y'ihungabana urwego rugenzura bitarenze masaha 72, igaragaza imiterere y'ihungabana, abantu n'inyandiko byagizweho ingaruka, ingamba zafashwe n'icyifuzo cy'uburyo abagizweho ingaruka bamenyeshwa.
• Iyo ihungabana rishobora guteza abantu ibyago byinshi, ugenzura amakuru agomba no kubamenyesha, keretse hari irengayobora riteganywa n'itegeko.

DPO ifite uburyo bwo kumenyesha ihungabana ry'umutekano w'amakuru. Gutegura mbere igenamigambi rigaragaza abazafata ibyemezo ni ngombwa kugira ngo ibi bihe ntarengwa byubahirizwe.

Ibihano Biteganywa n'Itegeko ryo Kurengera Amakuru Bwite mu Rwanda

Amakosa yo mu rwego rw'ubutegetsi. Amakosa nko kutabika inyandiko z'itunganywa, gukora nta cyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha, gukoresha icyemezo cyarangiye, kudashyiraho ushinzwe kurengera amakuru bwite, cyangwa kutamenyesha cyangwa kudatanga raporo y'ihungabana ahanishwa ihazabu yo mu rwego rw'ubutegetsi itari munsi ya RWF 2,000,000 kandi itarenze RWF 5,000,000, cyangwa 1% by'igicuruzwa mbumbe cy'umwaka w'ingengo y'imari ubanziriza. Ku kigo cyangwa urwego rufite ubuzimagatozi, itegeko riteganya 1% by'igicuruzwa mbumbe cy'umwaka w'ingengo y'imari ubanziriza.

Ibyaha nshinjabyaha. Kugera ku makuru bwite, kuyakusanya, kuyakoresha, kuyasangiza cyangwa kuyatangaza binyuranyije n'amategeko bihanishwa igifungo cy'umwaka umwe kugeza ku myaka itatu n'ihazabu ya RWF 7,000,000 kugeza kuri RWF 10,000,000, cyangwa kimwe gusa muri ibyo bihano. Kugurisha amakuru binyuranyije n'amategeko no gutunganya amakuru y'ibanga rikomeye binyuranyije n'amategeko bihanishwa ibihano biremereye kurushaho. Ikigo cyahamijwe icyaha gihanishwa ihazabu ya 5% by'igicuruzwa cyacyo cy'umwaka w'ingengo y'imari ubanziriza, kandi abantu bagize igihombo gikomeye bashobora gusaba indishyi mu rukiko.

Urutonde Rufatika rw'Iyubahirizwa

• Shushanya imiterere y'amakuru yawe: ibyo ufite, aho bibitswe n'aho byoherezwa.
• Emeza uruhare rwawe kandi wiyandikishe nk'ugenzura amakuru, utunganya amakuru cyangwa byombi, kandi wandike itariki yo kongera igihe cy'icyemezo.
• Shyiraho ushinzwe kurengera amakuru bwite kandi umenyeshe urwego rugenzura amakuru amwerekeyeho.
• Vugurura amatangazo n'uburyo bwo kwemera ku mbuga za interineti, kuri porogaramu, ku mafishi no ku nyandiko z'abakozi.
• Shyiraho igitabo cy'inyandiko n'uburyo bwa DPIA ku mishinga ifite ibyago byinshi.
• Shaka impushya zo kohereza no kubika amakuru kandi usinyane amasezerano yanditse yo kohereza amakuru n'abatanga serivisi.
• Gerageza igenamigambi ryo guhangana n'ihungabana ugereranyije n'ibihe ntarengwa by'amasaha 48 n'amasaha 72.
• Rinda indi mitungo ifitanye isano: ububiko bw'amakuru y'abakiriya na porogaramu za mudasobwa akenshi na byo bikenera kurindwa hashingiwe ku itegeko rigenga umutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge mu Rwanda.
• Shyiraho imiyoborere: menyesha inama y'ubuyobozi ibyago bijyanye n'amakuru nk'igice cy' imiyoborere y’ibigoinoze, kandi ushyire kurengera amakuru bwite mu isuzuma ryimbitse (due diligence) ry'igurwa ry'ibigo n' ishoramari mpuzamahanga.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

Itegeko ryo kurengera amakuru bwite mu Rwanda ryitwa irihe?

Ni Itegeko Nº 058/2021 ryo ku wa 13/10/2021 ryerekeye kurengera amakuru bwite n'ibanga ryayo. Ryatangiye gukurikizwa rimaze gutangazwa mu Igazeti ya Leta ku wa 15 Ukwakira 2021, kandi igihe cy'inzibacyuho cy'imyaka ibiri cyahawe ibigo byari bisanzwe bikora cyararangiye.

Ni nde ugenzura kurengera amakuru bwite mu Rwanda?

Ikigo cy'Igihugu Gishinzwe Umutekano mu by'Ikoranabuhanga (NCSA) kigenzura iyubahirizwa ry'itegeko binyuze mu Biro byacyo Bishinzwe Kurengera Amakuru Bwite n'Ibanga ryayo. Cyandika abagenzura amakuru n'abayatunganya, gitanga uruhushya rwo kohereza amakuru mu mahanga, cyakira ibirego kandi gitanga ibihano byo mu rwego rw'ubutegetsi.

Ese amasosiyete y'abanyamahanga agomba kwiyandikisha muri NCSA?

Itegeko rireba abagenzura amakuru n'abayatunganya bari hanze y'u Rwanda batunganya amakuru bwite y'abantu bari mu Rwanda. Ibyo bigo by'ubucuruzi bigomba kandi gushyiraho mu nyandiko ubihagarariye mu Rwanda. Bityo, amasosiyete y'abanyamahanga aha serivisi abakiriya bo mu Rwanda akwiye gusuzuma niba agomba kwiyandikisha.

Ihungabana ry'umutekano w'amakuru rigomba kumenyeshwa vuba bingana iki mu Rwanda?

Ugenzura amakuru agomba kumenyesha urwego rugenzura mu masaha 48 uhereye igihe amenyeye ihungabana, kandi utunganya amakuru agomba kumenyesha ugenzura amakuru muri icyo gihe nyine. Raporo yuzuye y'ihungabana igomba gukurikiraho bitarenze amasaha 72. Ihungabana rifite ibyago byinshi rigomba kandi kumenyeshwa abantu ryagizeho ingaruka.

Ese amakuru bwite ashobora kubikwa hanze y'u Rwanda?

Yego, ariko gusa iyo ugenzura cyangwa utunganya amakuru afite icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha gifite agaciro kimwemerera kuyabika hanze y'u Rwanda. Kohereza amakuru ku bandi bari mu mahanga na byo bigomba kuba bishingiye kuri imwe mu mpamvu ziteganywa n'itegeko kandi bigakorwa hashingiwe ku masezerano yanditse.

Umwanzuro

Kubahiriza itegeko ryo kurengera amakuru bwite mu Rwanda ubu ni ibisabwa mu mikorere ya buri munsi, kandi ibigo by'ubucuruzi bitinda bihura n'ingaruka nyazo zo mu rwego rw'ubutegetsi n'izo mu rwego nshinjabyaha. Imiryango ihagaze neza ni iyiyandikisha, igashyiraho ushinzwe kurengera amakuru bwite, ikandika uko itunganya amakuru kandi ikitoza guhangana n'ihungabana mbere y'uko ribaho.

Itsinda rya WAYAN ry' abanyamategeko bashinzwe kurengera amakuru bwite n'umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga mu Rwanda rishobora gusuzuma uko uhagaze, gucunga iyandikisha ryawe muri NCSA n'impushya, no kubaka gahunda y'iyubahirizwa ijyanye n'ikigo cyawe. Fata gahunda yo kugishwa inama na WAYAN kugira ngo dutangire.